![]() These views are not necessarily the views of Victorian Collections. Or recorded but may not be considered appropriate today. ![]() Some material may contain terms that reflect authors’ views, or those of the period in which the item was written Content also may include images and film of places that may cause sorrow. Please be aware that this website may contain culturally sensitive material - images, voices and information provided by now deceased persons.Ĭontent also may include images and film of places that may cause sorrow.Īboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are advised that this website may contain culturally sensitive material - images, voices and information provided by now deceased persons. We celebrate the history and contemporary creativity of the world’s oldest living culture and pay respect to Elders - past, present and future. Careful reading and using a small scale to determine the last figure will reduce errors.We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the place now called Victoria, and all First Peoples living and working on this land. The error occurs when reading or noting the measurement clearly or in a hurry. Careful placement of chaining pins and then checking the measurement will reduce errors. This error is random as the result of incorrect placement of chaining pins. The actual distance will be less than the measured dis This error occurs when one end of the tape is off-line or there is an obstruction in-line. By applying correct tension the sag can be reduced. If less than standard tension is applied the tape will be shorter than standard.Ī tape not supported along its entire length will sag. If tension is greater than standard the tape will stretch. Temperature of the tape can be quite different from the air temperature measured. Steel tapes are standardized at 68° F (20° C).Ī temperature higher or lower will change the length of the tape. An error due to the incorrect length occurs every time the tape is used. ![]() Tape manufacturers do not guarantee 100 ft steel tapes to be exactly 100.00 ft. The tapes are classified based on the materials of which they are made of such as:Ĭommon instrumental errors in linear measurement Tapes are used for more accurate measurements. Precisely machined and balanced bobs have pointed tips, and can be made of brass, steel, or other materials, including plastic. At one end of the string the weight is affixed. The plumb consists of a specially designed weight and coarse string or special threads. Although the pegs are driven into the ground 1/5 th of its part should be visible on the ground surface.Ī string suspended with a weight at the bottom will be both vertical and perpendicular to any level plane through which it passes. The size of the pegs (40 to 60 cm) depends on the type of survey work they are used for and the type of soil they have to be driven in. The pegs are made up with wood and they used to mark the survey positions or terminals. When the survey lines are too lengthy a flag with red/white/yellow colour will be attached to the top of the pole for easy identification. The rods possess a metal point at its bottom and the rod or pole is painted with red & white or black & white successive combination. Ranging rods and offset rods are commonly occurs in 3m length but the ranging poles are available up to 8m length. The only difference between ranging rods and poles is the length. These rods are used to range intermediate points of a survey and to set out straight lines on the field when the surveying length is long. Ranging rods or offset rods are round poles made up of wood or metal. Ranging rods or offset rods or ranging poles The one pointed part of an arrow is inserted into ground and the other is attached with ring. They are made up of good quality hardened and tempered steel wire of 4mm in diameter. They are also called as marking or chaining pins and are used to mark the end of chain during the process of chaining. The length of chain is measured from one handle to other handle. The ends of the chain are provided with brass handles for easy handling. The end of each link are bent into a loop and connected together by means of three oval rings. The chain is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire called links, joined together with oval rings and handles at both ends. The following instruments are used while chaining: Direct measurement is obtaining the measurement directly which means measuring the length directly using simple equipment and there is no need to solve hard equations.! In the Direct methods, the distance is actually measured during field work using a chain or a tape.
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